There function is to digest materials that the cells consume from the environment, for example bacteria engulfed by white blood cells, the bacteria are hydrolyzed by the hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes, while the useful substances are absorbed into the cytoplasm of the white blood cells and undigested components are removed by exocytosis.
Function and importance of proteins! (DNA, facilitated diffusion etc etc etc) The importance of water in an organism! (Photosynthesis, Blood plasma etc) Cells and their structure in relation to their function (Sperm cells have a tail, red blood cells are bi-concave to increase surface area, nerve cells have long axons etc etc etc).
This resource lists essay titles and the indicative content from the mark schemes, featured in the previous specifications. It prepares students for the essay in A-level Biology Paper 3. Biology 2410 (BIOL5) Year Question Title 2013 10 a The membranes of different types of cells are involved in many different functions.
Cells and organisms carry out exchanges with their external environment to maintain their internal environment. Topic areas: Homeostasis (concept of) Digestion and absorption Cells Lung function Gas exchange Passage of water through plant Nutrient cycles Response to stimuli Neurones Temperature control Tissue fluid and its formation.
Direct contact between the molecules present on the cell membranes of two cell types leads to transmission of signals into the cells, which in turn, influences the functions of these cells. Thus, the immune cells talk between themselves (through secretary products or cell-to-cell contact) resulting in their coordinated activity, which leads to the elimination of the foreign substance.
Cells and organisms carry out exchanges with their external environment to maintain their internal environment. 2014. 10 b: How energy is transferred within and between organisms. 2013: 10 a. The membranes of different types of cells are involved in many different functions. 2013. 10 b: There are many different types of relationships and.
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists all have eukaryotic cells, while bacteria and archaea have simpler prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Animal cells, unlike plants and fungi cells, do not have a cell wall. Instead, multicellular animals have a skeleton which provides support for their tissues and organs.
Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs, vessels (blood and lymph), and cavities.Epithelial cells form the thin layer of cells known as the endothelium, which is contiguous with the inner tissue lining of organs such as the brain, lungs, skin, and heart.The free surface of epithelial tissue is usually exposed to fluid or the air, while the bottom surface is attached.
Introduction to eukaryotic cells. By definition, eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus, a structural feature that is not present in bacterial or archaeal cells. In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic cells are characterized by numerous membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and others.
How the ultrastructure of different cells is related to their functions The properties and importance of enzymes in plants and animals Photosynthesis and its importance in ecosystems The roles of carbohydrates in living organisms How substances are transported from one organism to another, both in animals and plants.